diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/admin.go b/cmd/nixmsg/admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88a979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/auth"
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/config"
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/store"
+)
+
+const (
+	adminPasswordLen    = 20
+	minAdminPasswordLen = 12
+	adminPasswordChars  = "ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz23456789"
+)
+
+func cmdAdmin(args []string) error {
+	if len(args) < 1 {
+		return errors.New("usage: nixmsg admin <init|set-password>")
+	}
+	switch args[0] {
+	case "init":
+		return cmdAdminInit(args[1:])
+	case "set-password":
+		return cmdAdminSetPassword(args[1:])
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown admin command: %s", args[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func cmdAdminInit(_ []string) error {
+	cfg, err := loadAndValidateConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db, err := store.Open(cfg.DataDir, cfg.SQLiteSynchronous)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+
+	ok, err := store.HasAdminPassword(ctx, db.Write)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if ok {
+		return errors.New("admin already initialized; use admin set-password")
+	}
+
+	password, err := generateAdminPassword(adminPasswordLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	phc, err := auth.HashPassword(password)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := store.SetAdminPasswordHash(ctx, db.Write, phc); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// 密码只打印到终端一次，不进日志。
+	fmt.Printf("admin password: %s\n", password)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func cmdAdminSetPassword(args []string) error {
+	password, err := parseSetPasswordArgs(args, os.Stdin)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if vErr := validateAdminPassword(password); vErr != nil {
+		return vErr
+	}
+	cfg, err := loadAndValidateConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db, err := store.Open(cfg.DataDir, cfg.SQLiteSynchronous)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+
+	phc, err := auth.HashPassword(password)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := store.SetAdminPasswordHash(ctx, db.Write, phc); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "admin password updated")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseSetPasswordArgs(args []string, stdin io.Reader) (string, error) {
+	var password string
+	for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ {
+		switch args[i] {
+		case "--password":
+			if i+1 >= len(args) {
+				return "", errors.New("usage: nixmsg admin set-password --password <password>")
+			}
+			password = args[i+1]
+			i++
+		default:
+			if strings.HasPrefix(args[i], "-") {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown flag: %s", args[i])
+			}
+			if password != "" {
+				return "", errors.New("usage: nixmsg admin set-password --password <password>")
+			}
+			password = args[i]
+		}
+	}
+	if password == "" {
+		b, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(stdin, 4096))
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		password = strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+	}
+	if password == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("password required (pass --password or stdin)")
+	}
+	return password, nil
+}
+
+func validateAdminPassword(password string) error {
+	if len(password) < minAdminPasswordLen {
+		return fmt.Errorf("admin password must be at least %d characters", minAdminPasswordLen)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func generateAdminPassword(n int) (string, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, n)
+	charset := []byte(adminPasswordChars)
+	for i := 0; i < n; {
+		var b [1]byte
+		if _, err := rand.Read(b[:]); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if int(b[0]) >= 256-(256%len(charset)) {
+			continue
+		}
+		buf[i] = charset[int(b[0])%len(charset)]
+		i++
+	}
+	return string(buf), nil
+}
+
+func loadAndValidateConfig() (config.Config, error) {
+	cfgPath := config.PathFromEnv()
+	cfg, err := config.Load(cfgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return config.Config{}, err
+	}
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return config.Config{}, err
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/backup.go b/cmd/nixmsg/backup.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..585fa77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/backup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/store"
+)
+
+func cmdBackup(args []string) error {
+	outPath, err := parseBackupArgs(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cfg, err := loadAndValidateConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if dir := filepath.Dir(outPath); dir != "" && dir != "." {
+		if mkErr := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); mkErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("mkdir backup dir: %w", mkErr)
+		}
+	}
+	absOut, err := filepath.Abs(outPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	// 对运行中的库：单独打开写连接执行 VACUUM INTO（可与 serve 并存，WAL 下安全）。
+	write, err := store.OpenWriter(cfg.DataDir, cfg.SQLiteSynchronous)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = write.Close() }()
+	if err := store.VacuumInto(ctx, write, filepath.ToSlash(absOut)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "backup written to %s\n", absOut)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseBackupArgs(args []string) (string, error) {
+	var out string
+	for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ {
+		switch args[i] {
+		case "--out":
+			if i+1 >= len(args) {
+				return "", errors.New("usage: nixmsg backup --out <file.db>")
+			}
+			out = args[i+1]
+			i++
+		default:
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown argument: %s", args[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if out == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("usage: nixmsg backup --out <file.db>")
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/checkconfig.go b/cmd/nixmsg/checkconfig.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b95b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/checkconfig.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/config"
+)
+
+func cmdCheckConfig(args []string) error {
+	path := config.PathFromEnv()
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		path = args[0]
+	}
+	cfg, err := config.Load(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "config ok")
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/commands_test.go b/cmd/nixmsg/commands_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56831d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/commands_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/store"
+)
+
+func TestCheckConfigRejectsLargeBody(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "bad.yaml")
+	body := "listen: \":0\"\ndata_dir: \"" + filepath.ToSlash(dir) + "\"\nlimits:\n  max_body_bytes: 262145\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(body), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("NIXMSG_CONFIG", path)
+	err := cmdCheckConfig(nil)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "max_body_bytes") {
+		t.Fatalf("want max_body_bytes error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckConfigOK(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := writeTestConfig(t, dir)
+	t.Setenv("NIXMSG_CONFIG", path)
+	if err := cmdCheckConfig(nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminInitOnceAndSetPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := writeTestConfig(t, dir)
+	t.Setenv("NIXMSG_CONFIG", path)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	old := os.Stdout
+	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	os.Stdout = w
+	errInit := cmdAdminInit(nil)
+	_ = w.Close()
+	os.Stdout = old
+	_, _ = out.ReadFrom(r)
+	_ = r.Close()
+	if errInit != nil {
+		t.Fatal(errInit)
+	}
+	text := out.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(text, "admin password:") {
+		t.Fatalf("password not printed: %q", text)
+	}
+	pass := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(text), "admin password:"))
+	if len(pass) != 20 {
+		t.Fatalf("password len=%d value=%q", len(pass), pass)
+	}
+
+	if err2 := cmdAdminInit(nil); err2 == nil || !strings.Contains(err2.Error(), "already initialized") {
+		t.Fatalf("want already initialized, got %v", err2)
+	}
+
+	if err2 := cmdAdminSetPassword([]string{"--password", "short"}); err2 == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected short password error")
+	}
+	if err2 := cmdAdminSetPassword([]string{"--password", "long-enough-password"}); err2 != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err2)
+	}
+
+	db, openErr := store.Open(dir, "FULL")
+	if openErr != nil {
+		t.Fatal(openErr)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+	ok, hasErr := store.HasAdminPassword(context.Background(), db.Write)
+	if hasErr != nil || !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("has admin: ok=%v err=%v", ok, hasErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBackupVacuumInto(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := writeTestConfig(t, dir)
+	t.Setenv("NIXMSG_CONFIG", path)
+	initAdminForTest(t, dir)
+
+	out := filepath.Join(dir, "backup", "copy.db")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(out), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := cmdBackup([]string{"--out", out}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	st, err := os.Stat(out)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if st.Size() == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("backup empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHealthcheck(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfgPath := writeTestConfig(t, dir)
+	initAdminForTest(t, dir)
+	t.Setenv("NIXMSG_CONFIG", cfgPath)
+
+	cfg, err := loadAndValidateConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { errCh <- runServe(ctx, cfg) }()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if b, readErr := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "listen.addr")); readErr == nil && strings.TrimSpace(string(b)) != "" {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	if err := cmdHealthcheck(nil); err != nil {
+		cancel()
+		<-errCh
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	<-errCh
+}
+
+func TestParseSetPasswordArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	pass, err := parseSetPasswordArgs([]string{"--password", "abcdefghijkl"}, nil)
+	if err != nil || pass != "abcdefghijkl" {
+		t.Fatalf("pass=%q err=%v", pass, err)
+	}
+	pass, err = parseSetPasswordArgs([]string{"twelvechars!!"}, nil)
+	if err != nil || pass != "twelvechars!!" {
+		t.Fatalf("pass=%q err=%v", pass, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/healthcheck.go b/cmd/nixmsg/healthcheck.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e61c8c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/healthcheck.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func cmdHealthcheck(_ []string) error {
+	cfg, err := loadAndValidateConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	addrBytes, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(cfg.DataDir, "listen.addr"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read listen.addr: %w", err)
+	}
+	addr := strings.TrimSpace(string(addrBytes))
+	if addr == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("listen.addr is empty")
+	}
+	url := "http://" + addr + "/healthz"
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("healthz status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/main.go b/cmd/nixmsg/main.go
index b335e86..a76f919 100644
--- a/cmd/nixmsg/main.go
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/main.go
@@ -10,16 +10,28 @@ func main() {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "usage: nixmsg <command>")
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
+	var err error
 	switch os.Args[1] {
 	case "version":
 		cmdVersion(os.Args[2:])
 	case "serve":
-		if err := cmdServe(os.Args[2:]); err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
+		err = cmdServe(os.Args[2:])
+	// P-WIRE-BEGIN
+	case "admin":
+		err = cmdAdmin(os.Args[2:])
+	case "backup":
+		err = cmdBackup(os.Args[2:])
+	case "check-config":
+		err = cmdCheckConfig(os.Args[2:])
+	case "healthcheck":
+		err = cmdHealthcheck(os.Args[2:])
+	// P-WIRE-END
 	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "unknown command: %s\n", os.Args[1])
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
 }
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/serve.go b/cmd/nixmsg/serve.go
index 7ad7383..f625b0d 100644
--- a/cmd/nixmsg/serve.go
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/serve.go
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
@@ -23,6 +25,12 @@ func cmdServe(_ []string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// P-WIRE-BEGIN
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	setupJSONLogger(cfg.Log)
+	// P-WIRE-END
 	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	defer stop()
 	return runServe(ctx, cfg)
@@ -41,6 +49,16 @@ func runServe(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config) error {
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
 
+	// P-WIRE-BEGIN
+	ok, err := store.HasAdminPassword(ctx, db.Write)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("admin password not initialized; run: nixmsg admin init")
+	}
+	// P-WIRE-END
+
 	// 启动恢复入口已挂上（假实现为空操作）；M 线替换 message.Service 后生效。
 	if recoverErr := deps.Messages.RecoverOnStart(ctx); recoverErr != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("message recover: %w", recoverErr)
@@ -62,6 +80,17 @@ func runServe(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config) error {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
 	})
+	// P-WIRE-BEGIN
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /readyz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if readyErr := db.Ready(r.Context()); readyErr != nil {
+			slog.Error("readyz failed", "err", readyErr)
+			http.Error(w, "not ready", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+			return
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
+	})
+	// P-WIRE-END
 	// 确保前端资源被链接进二进制；完整静态托管由后续任务完善。
 	_ = web.Dist()
 
@@ -87,9 +116,17 @@ func runServe(ctx context.Context, cfg config.Config) error {
 
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+		// P-WIRE-BEGIN
+		// 先停止接受新连接，再等写队列最多 10 秒，然后断开并退出。
+		shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
 		_ = srv.Shutdown(shutdownCtx)
+		drainCtx, drainCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+		defer drainCancel()
+		if drainErr := db.Queue.Drain(drainCtx); drainErr != nil && !errors.Is(drainErr, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			slog.Error("write queue drain", "err", drainErr)
+		}
+		// P-WIRE-END
 		serveErr := <-errCh
 		if serveErr != nil && !errors.Is(serveErr, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 			return serveErr
@@ -107,3 +144,20 @@ func writeListenAddr(dataDir, addr string) error {
 	path := filepath.Join(dataDir, "listen.addr")
 	return os.WriteFile(path, []byte(addr+"\n"), 0o644)
 }
+
+// P-WIRE-BEGIN
+func setupJSONLogger(cfg config.LogConfig) {
+	level := slog.LevelInfo
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Level)) {
+	case "debug":
+		level = slog.LevelDebug
+	case "warn", "warning":
+		level = slog.LevelWarn
+	case "error":
+		level = slog.LevelError
+	}
+	h := slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: level})
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(h))
+}
+
+// P-WIRE-END
diff --git a/cmd/nixmsg/serve_test.go b/cmd/nixmsg/serve_test.go
index 8524111..b91134c 100644
--- a/cmd/nixmsg/serve_test.go
+++ b/cmd/nixmsg/serve_test.go
@@ -10,23 +10,51 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/auth"
 	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/config"
+	"git.asio.asia/nixevol/NixMsg/internal/store"
 )
 
+func writeTestConfig(t *testing.T, dataDir string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfgPath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "config.yaml")
+	cfgYAML := []byte("listen: \"127.0.0.1:0\"\ndata_dir: \"" + filepath.ToSlash(dataDir) + "\"\nlog:\n  level: error\n")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, cfgYAML, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return cfgPath
+}
+
+func initAdminForTest(t *testing.T, dataDir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	db, err := store.Open(dataDir, "FULL")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+	phc, err := auth.HashPassword("test-admin-password-xx")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := store.SetAdminPasswordHash(context.Background(), db.Write, phc); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestServeHealthzAndListenAddr(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	dataDir := t.TempDir()
-	cfgPath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "config.yaml")
-	cfgYAML := []byte("listen: \"127.0.0.1:0\"\ndata_dir: \"" + filepath.ToSlash(dataDir) + "\"\n")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, cfgYAML, 0o644); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	cfgPath := writeTestConfig(t, dataDir)
+	initAdminForTest(t, dataDir)
 
 	cfg, err := config.Load(cfgPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	if vErr := cfg.Validate(); vErr != nil {
+		t.Fatal(vErr)
+	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -37,7 +65,7 @@ func TestServeHealthzAndListenAddr(t *testing.T) {
 	}()
 
 	var addr string
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
 	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
 		b, readErr := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dataDir, "listen.addr"))
 		if readErr == nil {
@@ -65,6 +93,15 @@ func TestServeHealthzAndListenAddr(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %q", body)
 	}
 
+	ready, err := http.Get("http://" + addr + "/readyz")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("readyz: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = ready.Body.Close() }()
+	if ready.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("readyz status=%d", ready.StatusCode)
+	}
+
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dataDir, "nixmsg.db")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("db missing: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -75,7 +112,23 @@ func TestServeHealthzAndListenAddr(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("serve exit: %v", err)
 		}
-	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
 		t.Fatal("serve did not stop")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestServeRejectsWithoutAdmin(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	dataDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfgPath := writeTestConfig(t, dataDir)
+	cfg, err := config.Load(cfgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	err = runServe(ctx, cfg)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "admin password") {
+		t.Fatalf("want admin init error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/docs/DEVIATIONS.md b/docs/DEVIATIONS.md
index 49b1f99..12ef3e0 100644
--- a/docs/DEVIATIONS.md
+++ b/docs/DEVIATIONS.md
@@ -152,7 +152,35 @@
 
 ## 平台 P
 
-暂无。
+### P1 2026-09-30
+
+1. **admin set-password 传参方式**  
+   - 原条款：DEVELOPMENT 11.2 仅列命令名，未规定密码如何传入。  
+   - 实际做法：支持 `--password <pwd>`、位置参数，或从 stdin 读一行；最短 12 位。  
+   - 原因：自动化测试与 Docker 非交互环境需要非交互传参。  
+   - 备选方案：仅交互式 prompt。  
+   - 影响：运维文档需写明推荐用 `--password` 或管道，勿把密码写进 shell 历史时可改用 stdin。
+
+2. **admin init 密码字符集**  
+   - 原条款：生成 20 位密码，未规定字符集。  
+   - 实际做法：从去掉易混字符（0/O/1/I/l）的字母数字中均匀抽样 20 位。  
+   - 原因：终端抄写友好。  
+   - 备选方案：全 ASCII 可打印字符。  
+   - 影响：熵略低于全字符集，对 20 位仍足够。
+
+3. **PHC 哈希辅助先放在 auth，池在 P3**  
+   - 原条款：argon2 并发池属 P3；admin init 需落库哈希属 P1。  
+   - 实际做法：P1 在 `internal/auth` 提供 `HashPassword`/`VerifyPassword`（PHC），admin 命令直接调用；P3 再用同参数实现带并发上限的 `HashPool`。  
+   - 原因：避免 P1 在 cmd 内复制算法，又不等到 P3 才做 init。  
+   - 备选方案：P1 cmd 内联 argon2；或 P1/P3 合并提交。  
+   - 影响：P3 合入后 admin 可改为走 HashPool（非必须，单次 init 无并发压力）。
+
+4. **优雅停机顺序**  
+   - 原条款：停接受 → 写队列最多 10 秒 → 断开连接退出。  
+   - 实际做法：`http.Server.Shutdown`（先停接受并等待进行中的 HTTP）后，再 `Queue.Drain` 最多 10 秒；本期尚无长连接表，断开连接由 Shutdown 覆盖。  
+   - 原因：当前 main 仅有 HTTP 健康检查；N 线接入后应在 Drain 前后显式踢连接。  
+   - 备选方案：先关 listener、Drain、再 Shutdown。  
+   - 影响：有 MQTT 长连接后需 N/P 联调停机路径。
 
 ## 连接 N
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 5768d0c..c544a92 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ go 1.27
 
 require (
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.60.1
 )
 
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index ad2cb52..e8dd51d 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec h1:W09IVJc94
 github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qqbHyh8v60DhA7CoWK5oRCqLrMHRGoxYCSS9EjAz6Eo=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 h1:N6y/pJk8buWs9NY5ERU2HSMfm+IuD/OtfdAnq6kESPw=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5/go.mod h1:HVTZu1O7/Vkt2N+BFy8Zza+lnLsABggaTM2ZpNIGuKg=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0 h1:3ZVCjf8Ggz7zneR/EHRVx68Ctf+2pmIMP2UFhh9cC6M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.57.0/go.mod h1:Fdz0i5U6CoizGwLda9DttjSk6qlZo25zYNtR+ycvuZA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0 h1:qJmnOUb4YB+FsEuM3HcWucdZASCPGhsX6uljO6pog0c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.41.0/go.mod h1:Ek9pY8RKWXwsWvd3rQiHYtMqkjSUV+s1Rj7j4H5Ur6o=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.23.0 h1:KameEIfc1IkluZyXWLn39Wd4tURc6GbCiISGiZm2bQk=
diff --git a/internal/auth/phc.go b/internal/auth/phc.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd9176d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/auth/phc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/argon2"
+)
+
+// Argon2 参数（DEVELOPMENT 第 12 节 / OWASP 最低配置）。
+const (
+	ArgonMemoryKiB = 19 * 1024 // 19 MiB
+	ArgonTime      = 2
+	ArgonThreads   = 1
+	ArgonKeyLen    = 32
+	ArgonSaltLen   = 16
+)
+
+// ErrInvalidPHC 表示 PHC 字符串无法解析或参数不支持。
+var ErrInvalidPHC = errors.New("auth: invalid phc")
+
+// HashPassword 用 argon2id 生成 PHC 字符串（不含并发池；池见 HashPool）。
+func HashPassword(password string) (string, error) {
+	salt := make([]byte, ArgonSaltLen)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(salt); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	hash := argon2.IDKey([]byte(password), salt, ArgonTime, ArgonMemoryKiB, ArgonThreads, ArgonKeyLen)
+	return encodePHC(salt, hash), nil
+}
+
+// VerifyPassword 常量时间比较密码与 PHC；不匹配时 ok=false 且 err=nil。
+func VerifyPassword(password, phc string) (bool, error) {
+	salt, hash, err := decodePHC(phc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	got := argon2.IDKey([]byte(password), salt, ArgonTime, ArgonMemoryKiB, ArgonThreads, ArgonKeyLen)
+	if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(got, hash) == 1 {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func encodePHC(salt, hash []byte) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"$argon2id$v=%d$m=%d,t=%d,p=%d$%s$%s",
+		argon2.Version,
+		ArgonMemoryKiB,
+		ArgonTime,
+		ArgonThreads,
+		base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(salt),
+		base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(hash),
+	)
+}
+
+func decodePHC(phc string) (salt, hash []byte, err error) {
+	// $argon2id$v=19$m=19456,t=2,p=1$salt$hash
+	parts := strings.Split(phc, "$")
+	if len(parts) != 6 || parts[1] != "argon2id" {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	var version int
+	if _, scanErr := fmt.Sscanf(parts[2], "v=%d", &version); scanErr != nil || version != argon2.Version {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	var m, t, p int
+	if _, scanErr := fmt.Sscanf(parts[3], "m=%d,t=%d,p=%d", &m, &t, &p); scanErr != nil {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	if m != ArgonMemoryKiB || t != ArgonTime || p != ArgonThreads {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	salt, err = base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[4])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	hash, err = base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[5])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	if len(salt) == 0 || len(hash) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidPHC
+	}
+	return salt, hash, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/config/config.go b/internal/config/config.go
index acecf0a..b762374 100644
--- a/internal/config/config.go
+++ b/internal/config/config.go
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@ package config
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
 )
 
+// MaxBodyBytesCap 是 max_body_bytes 的硬上限（DEVELOPMENT 11.1）。
+const MaxBodyBytesCap = 262144
+
 // Config 对应 DEVELOPMENT 第 11.1 节的配置文件。
 type Config struct {
 	Listen               string        `yaml:"listen"`
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ func Default() Config {
 		TrustedProxies: nil,
 		DataDir:        "./data",
 		Limits: LimitsConfig{
-			MaxBodyBytes:          262144,
+			MaxBodyBytes:          MaxBodyBytesCap,
 			MaxMetaBytes:          4096,
 			MaxFrameBytes:         786432,
 			MaxTTLSeconds:         2592000,
@@ -101,16 +106,148 @@ func Load(path string) (Config, error) {
 	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
 		return Config{}, fmt.Errorf("parse config: %w", err)
 	}
+	applyEmptyDefaults(&cfg)
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func applyEmptyDefaults(cfg *Config) {
+	def := Default()
 	if cfg.Listen == "" {
-		cfg.Listen = Default().Listen
+		cfg.Listen = def.Listen
 	}
 	if cfg.DataDir == "" {
-		cfg.DataDir = Default().DataDir
+		cfg.DataDir = def.DataDir
 	}
 	if cfg.SQLiteSynchronous == "" {
-		cfg.SQLiteSynchronous = Default().SQLiteSynchronous
+		cfg.SQLiteSynchronous = def.SQLiteSynchronous
 	}
-	return cfg, nil
+	if cfg.Log.Level == "" {
+		cfg.Log.Level = def.Log.Level
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.MaxBodyBytes == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.MaxBodyBytes = def.Limits.MaxBodyBytes
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.MaxMetaBytes == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.MaxMetaBytes = def.Limits.MaxMetaBytes
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.MaxFrameBytes == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.MaxFrameBytes = def.Limits.MaxFrameBytes
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.MaxTTLSeconds == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.MaxTTLSeconds = def.Limits.MaxTTLSeconds
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.MaxScheduleSeconds == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.MaxScheduleSeconds = def.Limits.MaxScheduleSeconds
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.MaxGroupMembers == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.MaxGroupMembers = def.Limits.MaxGroupMembers
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.GraceSeconds == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.GraceSeconds = def.Limits.GraceSeconds
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.AckTimeoutSeconds == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.AckTimeoutSeconds = def.Limits.AckTimeoutSeconds
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.DeliveryWindow == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.DeliveryWindow = def.Limits.DeliveryWindow
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.ReceiptWindow == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.ReceiptWindow = def.Limits.ReceiptWindow
+	}
+	if cfg.Limits.RequestsPerSecond == 0 {
+		cfg.Limits.RequestsPerSecond = def.Limits.RequestsPerSecond
+	}
+}
+
+// Validate 校验 DEVELOPMENT 11.1 全部字段；拒绝 max_body_bytes > 262144。
+func (c Config) Validate() error {
+	var errs []string
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.Listen) == "" {
+		errs = append(errs, "listen is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.DataDir) == "" {
+		errs = append(errs, "data_dir is required")
+	}
+	sync := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(c.SQLiteSynchronous))
+	if sync != "FULL" && sync != "NORMAL" {
+		errs = append(errs, "sqlite_synchronous must be FULL or NORMAL")
+	}
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(c.Log.Level)) {
+	case "debug", "info", "warn", "warning", "error":
+	default:
+		errs = append(errs, "log.level must be debug, info, warn, or error")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxBodyBytes <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_body_bytes must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxBodyBytes > MaxBodyBytesCap {
+		errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("limits.max_body_bytes must be <= %d", MaxBodyBytesCap))
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxMetaBytes <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_meta_bytes must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxFrameBytes <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_frame_bytes must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxFrameBytes < c.Limits.MaxBodyBytes {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_frame_bytes must be >= limits.max_body_bytes")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxTTLSeconds <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_ttl_seconds must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxScheduleSeconds <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_schedule_seconds must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxGroupMembers <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_group_members must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.GraceSeconds < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.grace_seconds must be >= 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.AckTimeoutSeconds <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.ack_timeout_seconds must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.DeliveryWindow <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.delivery_window must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.ReceiptWindow <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.receipt_window must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.RequestsPerSecond <= 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.requests_per_second must be > 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxPendingPerSender < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_pending_per_sender must be >= 0")
+	}
+	if c.Limits.MaxPendingPerReceiver < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "limits.max_pending_per_receiver must be >= 0")
+	}
+	if c.SessionIdleDays < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "session_idle_days must be >= 0")
+	}
+	if c.RecordRetentionDays < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "record_retention_days must be >= 0")
+	}
+	if c.IdempotencyHours < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "idempotency_hours must be >= 0")
+	}
+	if c.ReceiptRetentionDays < 0 {
+		errs = append(errs, "receipt_retention_days must be >= 0")
+	}
+	cert := strings.TrimSpace(c.TLS.CertFile)
+	key := strings.TrimSpace(c.TLS.KeyFile)
+	if (cert == "") != (key == "") {
+		errs = append(errs, "tls.cert_file and tls.key_file must both be set or both empty")
+	}
+	for _, cidr := range c.TrustedProxies {
+		if _, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(strings.TrimSpace(cidr)); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("trusted_proxies entry %q is not a valid CIDR", cidr))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid config: %s", strings.Join(errs, "; "))
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // PathFromEnv 返回 NIXMSG_CONFIG 或默认 ./config.yaml。
diff --git a/internal/config/config_test.go b/internal/config/config_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d1b6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/config/config_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestValidateDefaultOK(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	cfg := Default()
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateRejectsMaxBodyBytesTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	cfg := Default()
+	cfg.Limits.MaxBodyBytes = MaxBodyBytesCap + 1
+	err := cfg.Validate()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "max_body_bytes") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadAndValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
+	body := "listen: \"127.0.0.1:0\"\ndata_dir: \"" + filepath.ToSlash(dir) + "\"\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(body), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg, err := Load(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if cfg.Listen != "127.0.0.1:0" {
+		t.Fatalf("listen=%q", cfg.Listen)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateTrustedProxies(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	cfg := Default()
+	cfg.TrustedProxies = []string{"not-a-cidr"}
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error")
+	}
+	cfg.TrustedProxies = []string{"127.0.0.1/32"}
+	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/store/admin.go b/internal/store/admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf90b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/store/admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const settingAdminPasswordHash = "admin_password_hash"
+
+// HasAdminPassword 检查 settings 中是否已有管理员密码哈希。
+func HasAdminPassword(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB) (bool, error) {
+	var value string
+	err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT value FROM settings WHERE key = ?`, settingAdminPasswordHash).Scan(&value)
+	if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return value != "", nil
+}
+
+// SetAdminPasswordHash 写入或覆盖管理员密码哈希。
+func SetAdminPasswordHash(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, phc string) error {
+	now := time.Now().UnixMilli()
+	_, err := db.ExecContext(ctx, `
+INSERT INTO settings(key, value, updated_at) VALUES(?, ?, ?)
+ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value, updated_at = excluded.updated_at
+`, settingAdminPasswordHash, phc, now)
+	return err
+}
+
+// VacuumInto 对打开的写连接执行 VACUUM INTO（可用于运行中备份）。
+func VacuumInto(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, outPath string) error {
+	if outPath == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("store: vacuum into path empty")
+	}
+	escaped := strings.ReplaceAll(outPath, "'", "''")
+	_, err := db.ExecContext(ctx, "VACUUM INTO '"+escaped+"'")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("vacuum into: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/store/queue.go b/internal/store/queue.go
index 2f7f487..4286d1a 100644
--- a/internal/store/queue.go
+++ b/internal/store/queue.go
@@ -5,28 +5,34 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"errors"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 )
 
 // ErrQueueClosed 表示写入队列已关闭。
 var ErrQueueClosed = errors.New("store: write queue closed")
 
+// ErrBusy 表示写库基础设施失败（可映射为协议 busy；/readyz 应失败）。
+var ErrBusy = errors.New("store: busy")
+
 // WriteFunc 在单个写事务中执行的操作。
 type WriteFunc func(tx *sql.Tx) error
 
 // Queue 写入队列：提交一个写操作并拿到结果。
 //
-// 本任务（T0.3）实现为互斥串行的一操作一事务，不做合并；DEVELOPMENT 7.2
-// 要求的写 goroutine 合并提交（最多 256 个或凑满 2ms、SAVEPOINT 隔离失败）留给 P2。
+// P1 仍为一操作一事务；P2 换成合并提交（最多 256 / 2ms + SAVEPOINT）。
 type Queue struct {
 	db *sql.DB
 
-	mu     sync.Mutex
-	closed bool
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	closed       bool
+	inflight     int
+	ready        bool
+	lastWriteErr error
 }
 
 // NewQueue 创建简单写入队列（一操作一事务）。
 func NewQueue(db *sql.DB) *Queue {
-	return &Queue{db: db}
+	return &Queue{db: db, ready: true}
 }
 
 // Do 提交写操作并等待提交结果。
@@ -35,22 +41,83 @@ func (q *Queue) Do(ctx context.Context, fn WriteFunc) error {
 		return errors.New("store: nil write func")
 	}
 	q.mu.Lock()
-	defer q.mu.Unlock()
 	if q.closed {
+		q.mu.Unlock()
 		return ErrQueueClosed
 	}
+	q.inflight++
+	q.mu.Unlock()
+
+	defer func() {
+		q.mu.Lock()
+		q.inflight--
+		q.mu.Unlock()
+	}()
+
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	tx, err := q.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		q.markBusy(err)
+		return errors.Join(ErrBusy, err)
 	}
 	if err := fn(tx); err != nil {
 		_ = tx.Rollback()
 		return err
 	}
-	return tx.Commit()
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		q.markBusy(err)
+		return errors.Join(ErrBusy, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (q *Queue) markBusy(err error) {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	q.ready = false
+	q.lastWriteErr = err
+}
+
+// IsReady 写库是否仍可用（写失败后为 false）。
+func (q *Queue) IsReady() bool {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	return q.ready
+}
+
+// LastWriteError 返回最近一次基础设施写失败。
+func (q *Queue) LastWriteError() error {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	return q.lastWriteErr
+}
+
+// Len 返回进行中的写操作数。
+func (q *Queue) Len() int {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	return q.inflight
+}
+
+// Drain 等待已进行中的写操作完成，或 ctx 取消。
+func (q *Queue) Drain(ctx context.Context) error {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		q.mu.Lock()
+		n := q.inflight
+		q.mu.Unlock()
+		if n == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // Close 关闭队列，之后 Do 返回 ErrQueueClosed。
diff --git a/internal/store/ready.go b/internal/store/ready.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed7778f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/store/ready.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// Ready 检查读写库可用且写入队列未因磁盘类失败进入 busy。
+func (d *DB) Ready(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if d == nil || d.Write == nil || d.Read == nil {
+		return errors.New("store: not open")
+	}
+	if err := d.Write.PingContext(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := d.Read.PingContext(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if d.Queue != nil && !d.Queue.IsReady() {
+		if err := d.Queue.LastWriteError(); err != nil {
+			return errors.Join(ErrBusy, err)
+		}
+		return ErrBusy
+	}
+	return nil
+}